A literature overview on the structure and physiological effects of the Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been carried out. Particular attention was paid to the involvement of BDNF in the pathogenesis of depression and approaches to its low-molecular mimetics design.

The review provides and describes in detail the main most commonly used behavioral experimental models of depression. Endophenotypes and criteria of validity of behavioral methods for evaluation of antidepressant activity in compounds are described. Modeling depression using laboratory animals allows us to understand the nature of depression in humans and to search for effective ways of treating.

Results of pharmacokinetic study of a new dipeptide anxiolytic GB-115 in rats, rabbits and volunteers were presented. After oral drug administration significant differences were found. For example, a dose-independent parameter - the elimination rate constant was decreased: rat < human < rabbit. By contrast the half-life of GB-115 was increased: rat

We have studied neuroprotective effect of L-cycloprolylglycine (L-CPG) in vitro experiments. It is shown that L-CPG has neuroprotective effect in the conditions an oxidative stress, glutamate and 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity.

In the present work, the neuroprotective effect stereospecificity of dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the 4th loop of BDNF-GSB-106 is studied. Activity of its diastereomers GT-106DL (hexamethylenediamide bis-monosuccinyl-D-seryl-L-lysine) and GT-106LD (hexamethylenediamide bis-monosuccinyl-L-seryl-D-lysine) in hippocampal HT-22 cells under conditions of oxidative stress is for this purpose studied. Both diastereomers were inactive. Thus, the obtained data indicate dependence of effect on the configuration of amino acid residues in the structure of GSB-106.

The effect of triftazin (trifluoperazine) on social interaction abnormalities as a main feature of autism spectrum disorders, exploratory behavior and learning capacity was studied in rats with fetal valproatate syndrome. It was shown that triftazin at a dose of 0,35 mg/kg does not affect the deficit of social interaction, spatial learning or memory but improves exploratory activity by decreasing anxiety in rats with fetal valproate syndrome.

It was determined endurable, toxic and fatal doses of a new original anti-migraine medicine Tropoxin in tablet form at unitary oral and intraperitoneal introduction to outbreeding white mice and rats. Periods of intoxication and death of animals with a detailed description of the observed clinical picture were registered. The median fatal doses were identified: LD₅₀ = 759 (645 - 893) mg/kg in female mice, LD₅₀ = 864 (764 - 977) mg/kg in male mice at intraperitoneal introduction; LD₅₀ = 1152 (686 - 1932) mg/kg in female mice, LD₅₀ = 1006 (605 - 1673) mg/kg in male mice at oral introduction; LD₅₀ = 490 (400 - 601) mg/kg in female rats, LD₅₀ = 515 (507 - 524) mg/kg in male rats at intraperitoneal introduction. Tropoxin did not cause death of rats at oral introduction in a dose of up to 5 g/kg. It was determined that Tropoxin in tablet form at oral and intraperitoneal introduction concerns to low-toxic substances. According to classification Sidorov K.K. Tropoxin in tablet form may be related to 4th toxicity class.