A promising biological model of gestational diabetes mellitus with specific impairments of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats

Relevance. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common complication of pregnancy. The lack of a biological model of GDM complicates the search for a suitable pharmacotherapy and presents the challenge of developing a valid model of this disease.

Objective. The objective of this study was to develop a biological model of GDM accompanied by metabolic disorders in pregnant rats by using a high-calorie diet in combination with tyloxapol as diabetogenic factors.

Materials and methods. GDM was modeled by keeping pregnant female Wistar rats on a high-calorie diet for at least 7 weeks in combination with intraperitoneal administration of tyloxapol at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg on various days of pregnancy. In parallel we evaluated the dose dependence of the effects of tyloxapol by its single intraperitoneal administration to non-pregnant female Wistar rats at doses of 200, 300, 400 mg/kg.

Results. The study showed that the optimal combination of a high-calorie diet with the administration of tyloxapol at a dose of 200 mg/kg is optimal for GDM induction. In this case, there is a marked violation of glucose tolerance, an increase in the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides and low-density lipoproteins in the blood serum. A pronounced embryoletal effect was observed with tyloxapol at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The use of tyloxapol at a dosage of 300 mg/ kg did not lead to a change in the registered parameters.

Conclusion. The proposed biomodel demonstrates the main pathognomonic symptoms of GDM and may be useful in studying the mechanisms of development and searching new treatments for this pathology.

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