<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phkinetica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакокинетика и Фармакодинамика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2587-7836-2026-2-79-89</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TOUPQI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phkinetica-531</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TOXICOLOGY STUDY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка мутагенности и острой токсичности линейного замещённого глипролина – этилового эфира N-фенилацетилглицил-L-пролина</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of mutagenicity and acute toxicity of linear substituted glyproline – ethyl ester of N-phenylacetylglycyl-L-proline</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-8058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колик</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolik</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колик Лариса Геннадьевна – д. б. н., профессор РАН, зав. лабораторией экспериментальной фармакологии боли</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa G. Kolik – PhD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor RAS, Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology of Pain </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolik_lg@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1340-5034</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качалов</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachalov</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Качалов Кирилл Сергеевич – н. с., лаборатория лекарственной токсикологии отдела лекарственной токсикологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill S. Kachalov – Researcher, the Laboratory of Drug Toxicology, Department of Drug Toxicology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kachalov_ks@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5366-4917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чайка</surname><given-names>З. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chayka</surname><given-names>Z. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чайка Злата Владимировна – н. с., лаборатория генетической и репродуктивной токсикологии отдела лекарственной токсикологии </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zlata V. Chayka – Researcher, the Laboratory of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Drug Toxicology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chajka_zv@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексеев Иван Владимирович – м. н. с., лаборатория лекарственной токсикологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Alekseev – Junior Researcher the Laboratory of Drug Toxicology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alekseev_iv@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8705-8165</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Алексей Дмитриевич – м. н. с., лаборатория лекарственной токсикологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey D. Zakharov – Junior Researcher, the Laboratory of Drug Toxicology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharov_ad@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2827</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Анна Валерьевна – к. б. н., н. с. отдела нейропсихфармакологии, лаборатория фармакологии психических заболеваний</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Volkova – PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher of Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkova_av@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3208-198X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошкина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miroshkina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мирошкина Ирина Александровна – к. б. н., в. н. с., зав. лаборатории лекарственной токсикологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Miroshkina – PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of Laboratory of Drug Toxicology </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miroshkina_ia@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-692X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колясникова</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyasnikova</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колясникова Ксения Николаевна – к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории пептидных биорегуляторов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya N. Kolyasnikova – PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher Laboratory of Peptide Bioregulators</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolyasnikova_kn@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-7684</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дурнев</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Durnev</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дурнев Андрей Дмитриевич – д. м. н., профессор, академик РАН</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei D. Durnev – PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician RAS</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">addurnev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7673-8672</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанатаев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhanataev</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанатаев Алий Курманович – к. б. н., руководитель отдела лекарственной токсикологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliy K. Zhanataev – PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Department of Drug Toxicology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhanataev_ak@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «ФИЦ оригинальных и перспективных биомедицинских и фармацевтических технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal research center for innovator and emerging biomedical and pharmaceutical technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колик Л.Г., Качалов К.С., Чайка З.В., Алексеев И.В., Захаров А.Д., Волкова А.В., Мирошкина И.А., Колясникова К.Н., Дурнев А.Д., Жанатаев А.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колик Л.Г., Качалов К.С., Чайка З.В., Алексеев И.В., Захаров А.Д., Волкова А.В., Мирошкина И.А., Колясникова К.Н., Дурнев А.Д., Жанатаев А.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolik L.G., Kachalov K.S., Chayka Z.V., Alekseev I.V., Zakharov A.D., Volkova A.V., Miroshkina I.A., Kolyasnikova K.N., Durnev A.D., Zhanataev A.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/531">https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/531</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Циклический глицин-пролин обладает широким спектром фармакологической активности, включая анальгетическое действие. В рамках концепции создания пролекарства сконструирован и синтезирован линейный замещённый глипролин – этиловый эфир N-фенилацетилглицил-L-пролина (ГЗК-111). Обязательным этапом доклинического исследования является изучение безопасности лекарственных кандидатов.</p><p>Цель работы – оценка мутагенности и острой токсичности ГЗК-111.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При изучении способности индуцировать генные мутации в тесте Эймса индикаторные штаммы S. typhimurium ТА98, ТА100, ТА1535, ТА1537 и комбинацию штаммов E.coli pkM101/uvrA подвергали воздействию ГЗК-111 в концентрациях 1,6; 8; 40; 200;1000 и 5000 мкг/мл. При оценке острой токсичности на беспородных мышах ГЗК-111 вводили однократно в дозах 500, 1000, 2000 и 3000 мг/кг внутрибрюшинно с последующей регистрацией сроков развития интоксикации и описанием клинической картины в течение 14 суток. Эвтаназию и патологоанатомическое вскрытие проводили на 15-е сутки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В тесте Эймса ГЗК-111 не показал мутагенного эффекта на использованных индикаторных штаммах, в условиях с метаболической активацией и без таковой. ГЗК-111 не вызывал гибели большинства экспериментальных животных. В клинической картине интоксикации отмечали обратимое нейротоксическое действие ГЗК-111, а также зависимое от дозы снижение массы тела. У выживших животных морфологическая картина внутренних органов не отличалась от наблюдаемой в контрольной группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Линейный замещённый глипролин ГЗК-111 не проявлял мутагенной активности и может быть отнесён к 6 классу токсичности –относительно безвредного соединения (классификация Сидорова К. К., 1973).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cyclic glycine-proline has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including analgesic action. Within the framework of the concept of creating a prodrug, a linear substituted glyproline – ethyl ester of N-phenylacetylglycyl-L-proline (GZK-111) was designed and synthesized. A mandatory stage of preclinical research is to study the safety of drug candidates.</p><p>The purpose of the work is to evaluate the mutagenicity and acute toxicity of GZK-111.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. When assessing the ability of GZK-111 to induce gene mutations in the Ames test, S.typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and combination of E.coli strains pKM101/uvrA were treated with GZK-111 at concentrations of 1.6; 8; 40; 200; 1000, and 5000 μg/ml. When assessing acute toxicity in outbred mice, GZK-111 was administered intraperitoneally once at doses of 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg, followed by recording the terms of development of intoxication and describing the clinical signs for 14 days. Euthanasia and post-mortem examination were performed on the 15th day.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the Ames test, GZK-111 did not exhibit mutagenicity towards the indicator strains, either with or without metabolic activation. GZK-111 did not cause the death of most experimental animals. The clinical picture of intoxication showed a reversible neurotoxic effect of GZK-111, as well as a dose-dependent decrease in body weight. In the surviving animals, the morphological picture of the internal organs did not differ from that observed in the control group.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Linear substituted glyproline GZK-111 showed no mutagenic activity and can be classified as a relatively harmless compound in toxicity class 6 (classification by KK Sidorov, 1973).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ГЗК-111</kwd><kwd>мутагенность</kwd><kwd>острая токсичность</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>внутрибрюшинное введение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>GZK-111</kwd><kwd>mutagenicity</kwd><kwd>acute toxicity</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>intraperitoneal injection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации. Номер темы государственного задания FGFG-2024-0001. Авторы выражают благодарность Алексеевой С. В. и Сорокиной А. В. за техническую поддержку, Румян- цевой Н. Д. за помощь в подготовке статьи к печати.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of theme FGFG-2024-0001, supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, et al. Current Trends of Bioactive Peptides-New Sources and Therapeutic Effect. Foods. 2020 Jun 29;9(7):846. doi: 10.3390/foods9070846.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, et al. Current Trends of Bioactive Peptides-New Sources and Therapeutic Effect. Foods. 2020 Jun 29;9(7):846. doi: 10.3390/foods9070846.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perlikowska R. Whether short peptides are good candidates for future neuroprotective therapeutics? Peptides. 2021 Jun;140:170528. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perlikowska R. Whether short peptides are good candidates for future neuroprotective therapeutics? Peptides. 2021 Jun;140:170528. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan J, Harris P, Brimble M, et al. The role for IGF-1-derived small neuropeptides as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2015 Jun;19(6):785-93. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1010514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan J, Harris P, Brimble M, et al. The role for IGF-1-derived small neuropeptides as a therapeutic target for neurological disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2015 Jun;19(6):785-93. doi: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1010514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan J, Gluckman PD. IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;157(6):881-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00256.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan J, Gluckman PD. IGF-1 derived small neuropeptides and analogues: a novel strategy for the development of pharmaceuticals for neurological conditions. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Jul;157(6):881-91. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00256.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gudasheva TA, Boyko SS, Akparov VKh, et al. Identification of a novel endogenous memory facilitating cyclic dipeptide cyclo-prolylglycine in rat brain. FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 5;391(1-2):149-52. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00722-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gudasheva TA, Boyko SS, Akparov VKh, et al. Identification of a novel endogenous memory facilitating cyclic dipeptide cyclo-prolylglycine in rat brain. FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 5;391(1-2):149-52. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00722-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Povarnina PY, Kolyasnikova KN, Gudasheva TA, et al. Neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine exhibits neuroprotective activity after systemic administration to rats with modeled incomplete global ischemia and in in vitro modeled glutamate neurotoxicity. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016;160(5):653-655. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3241-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Povarnina PY, Kolyasnikova KN, Gudasheva TA, et al. Neuropeptide cycloprolylglycine exhibits neuroprotective activity after systemic administration to rats with modeled incomplete global ischemia and in in vitro modeled glutamate neurotoxicity. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2016;160(5):653-655. doi: 10.1007/s10517-016-3241-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferro JN, de Aquino FL, de Brito RG, et al. Cyclo-Gly-Pro, a cyclic dipeptide, attenuates nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory response in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015 Dec;42(12):1287-95. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferro JN, de Aquino FL, de Brito RG, et al. Cyclo-Gly-Pro, a cyclic dipeptide, attenuates nociceptive behaviour and inflammatory response in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2015 Dec;42(12):1287-95. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.12480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fan D, Alamri Y, Liu K, et al. Supplementation of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increased Cyclic Glycine-Proline in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson Patients: Potential Treatment to Improve Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Function. Nutrients. 2018 Jun 2;10(6):714. doi: 10.3390/nu10060714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fan D, Alamri Y, Liu K, et al. Supplementation of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increased Cyclic Glycine-Proline in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Parkinson Patients: Potential Treatment to Improve Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Function. Nutrients. 2018 Jun 2;10(6):714. doi: 10.3390/nu10060714.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan J, Li F, Kang D, et al. Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions. Molecules. 2023 Jan 19;28(3):1021. doi: 10.3390/molecules28031021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan J, Li F, Kang D, et al. Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions. Molecules. 2023 Jan 19;28(3):1021. doi: 10.3390/molecules28031021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Колясникова К.Н., Аляева А.Г., Кузнецова Е.А. Новый глипролин ГЗК-111 с нейропсихотропной активностью. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2021;(4):18-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Koliasnikova KN, Alyaeva AG, Kuznetsova EA. Novel glyproline GZK-111 with neuropsychotropic activity. Farmakokinetika i farmakodinamika = Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 2021;(4):18-23. (In Russ.)]. doi:10.37489/2587-7836-2021-4-18-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gudasheva TA, Koliasnikova KN, Kuznetsova EA, et al. N-phenylacetyl-glycine showing a similar spectrum of neuropsychotropic activity. Pharmaceutical chemistry journal. 2017;50(11):705-710. doi: 10.1007/s11094-017-1516-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gudasheva TA, Koliasnikova KN, Kuznetsova EA, et al. N-phenylacetyl-glycine showing a similar spectrum of neuropsychotropic activity. Pharmaceutical chemistry journal. 2017;50(11):705-710. doi: 10.1007/s11094-017-1516-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolyvanov GB, Bochkov PO, Litvin AA, et al. Metabolism of a New Dipeptide Neuroprotector in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022 Mar;172(5):579-582. doi: 10.1007/s10517-022-05440-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolyvanov GB, Bochkov PO, Litvin AA, et al. Metabolism of a New Dipeptide Neuroprotector in Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022 Mar;172(5):579-582. doi: 10.1007/s10517-022-05440-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litvin AA, Kolyvanov GB, Bochkov PO, et al. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of GZK-111, a Dipeptide with Neuroprotective Activity. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022 Jan;172(3):310-313. doi: 10.1007/s10517-022-05400-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvin AA, Kolyvanov GB, Bochkov PO, et al. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of GZK-111, a Dipeptide with Neuroprotective Activity. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022 Jan;172(3):310-313. doi: 10.1007/s10517-022-05400-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев И.В., Мирошкина И.А., Сорокина А.В. и др. Исследование острой токсичности димерного дипептидного миметика нейротрофина-3 на мышах. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. 2025;(1):60-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Alekseev IV, Miroshkina IA, Sorokina AV, et al. Study of acute toxicity of dimeric dipeptide mimetic of neurotrophin-3 in mice. Farmakokinetika i farmakodinamika = Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. 2025;(1):60-68. (In Russ.)]. doi:10.37489/2587-7836-2025-1-60-68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flückiger-Isler S, Kamber M. Direct comparison of the Ames microplate format (MPF) test in liquid medium with the standard Ames pre-incubation assay on agar plates by use of equivocal to weakly positive test compounds. Mutat Res. 2012 Aug 30;747(1):36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flückiger-Isler S, Kamber M. Direct comparison of the Ames microplate format (MPF) test in liquid medium with the standard Ames pre-incubation assay on agar plates by use of equivocal to weakly positive test compounds. Mutat Res. 2012 Aug 30;747(1):36-45. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.03.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neumeyer AM, Srivastava S, Holder JL, et al. NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results. Neurol Genet. 2025 Dec 23;12(1):e200338. doi: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000200338.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neumeyer AM, Srivastava S, Holder JL, et al. NNZ-2591 in Children and Adolescents With Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Single-Group, Open-Label, Phase 2 Trial Results. Neurol Genet. 2025 Dec 23;12(1):e200338. doi: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000200338.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobylyanskii AG, Zolotarev YA, Andreeva LA, et al. Studying the Toxic Effects of Some Biologically Active Peptides on the Model of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017 Oct;163(6):731-736. doi: 10.1007/s10517-017-3891-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobylyanskii AG, Zolotarev YA, Andreeva LA, et al. Studying the Toxic Effects of Some Biologically Active Peptides on the Model of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017 Oct;163(6):731-736. doi: 10.1007/s10517-017-3891-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коваленко Л.П., Смольникова Н.М., Алексеева С.В. и др. Доклиническое изучение токсичности ноопепта. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2002;65(1):62-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Kovalenko LP, Smol'nikova NM, Alekseeva SV, et al. Preclinical characterization of the toxicity of noopept. Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya. 2002;65(1):62-64. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.30906/0869-2092-2002-65-1-62-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокина А.В., Алексеева С.В., Немова Е.П. и др. Доклиническое исследование безопасности дипептидного соединения ГБ-115. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2010;73(6):29-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">[Sorokina AV, Alekseeva SV, Nemova EP, et al. Preclinical safety investigation of GB-115 dipeptide. Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya. 2010;73(6):29-32. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.30906/0869-2092-2010-73-6-29-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
