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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phkinetica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакокинетика и Фармакодинамика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2587-7836-2026-1-25-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UVOCPI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phkinetica-501</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ФАРМАКОДИНАМИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRECLINICAL PHARMACODYNAMICS STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модели доклинического изучения ишемического и геморрагического инсультов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Models for the pre-clinical study of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0442-1761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ганьшина</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ganshina</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ганьшина Тамара Сергеевна — д. б. н., профессор, г. н. с. лаборатории фармакологии неврологических заболеваний отдела нейропсихофармакологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara S. Ganshina — PhD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Chief Researcher Laboratory of Pharmacology of Neurological Diseases Department of Neuropsychopharmacology.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ganshina_ts@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-469X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воронина Татьяна Александровна — д. м. н., профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, гл. науч. сотр. лаборатории фармакологии психических заболеваний.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana A. Voronina — PhD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Scientific Officer Laboratory of Pharmacology of Mental Diseases.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronina_ta@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-2334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвинова Светлана Александровна — д. б. н., в. н. с. лаборатории фармакологии неврологических заболеваний отдела нейропсихофармакологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Litvinova — PhD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher Head of the Laboratory of Pharmacology of Neurological Diseases.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litvinova_sa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8439-2683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гнездилова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gnezdilova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гнездилова Анна Викторовна — к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории фармакологии неврологических заболеваний отдела нейропсихофармакологии.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Gnezdilova — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher Laboratory of Pharmacology of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gnezdilova_av@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3584-3742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорофеев</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorofeev</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорофеев Владимир Львович — д. фарм. н., профессор, и. о. генерального директора.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir L. Dorofeev — PhD, Dr. Sci. (Pharm), Professor, Acting General Director.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dorofeev_vl@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «ФИЦ оригинальных и перспективных биомедицинских и фармацевтических технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal research center for innovator and emerging biomedical and pharmaceutical technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ганьшина Т.С., Воронина Т.А., Литвинова С.А., Гнездилова А.В., Дорофеев В.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ганьшина Т.С., Воронина Т.А., Литвинова С.А., Гнездилова А.В., Дорофеев В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ganshina T.S., Voronina T.A., Litvinova S.A., Gnezdilova A.V., Dorofeev V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/501">https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/501</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены литературные и собственные данные о моделировании ишемического и геморрагического инсультов на животных, используемые in vivo и in vitro. Рассмотрены модели инсульта мозга, включающие локальную ишемию, глобальную полную, глобальную преходящую ишемию головного мозга, а также сочетанную сосудистую патологию. Обсуждаются достоинства и недостатки экспериментальных моделей и механизмы последствий ишемического и геморрагического поражений мозга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article presents literature and our own data on animal models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, using in vivo and in vitro methods. Stroke models are reviewed, including focal ischemia, global complete or transient cerebral ischemia, and combined vascular pathologies. The advantages and disadvantages of experimental models and the mechanisms underlying the consequences of ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ишемический инсульт</kwd><kwd>геморрагический инсульт</kwd><kwd>мозговое кровообращение</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные модели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ischemic stroke</kwd><kwd>hemorrhagic stroke</kwd><kwd>cerebral circulation</kwd><kwd>experimental models</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы государственного задания: 1024032800243-3-3.1.5</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was completed within the framework state assignment: 1024032800243-3-3.1.5</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Stroke Risk Factor Collaborators. 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