phkineticaФармакокинетика и ФармакодинамикаPharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics2587-78362686-8830ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/2587-7836-2026-1-7-11EDMSGVphkinetica-498Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSПодходы к экспериментальному моделированию нейровоспаления при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях: часть 2 — генетические моделиApproaches to experimental modeling of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: part 2 — genetic modelshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-3437ФирстоваЮ. Ю.FirstovaJ. Yu.

Фирстова Юлия Юрьевна — к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии.

Москва

Yulia Yu. Firstova — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology.

Moscow

yuyu@academpharm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-0885АбдуллинаА. А.AbdullinaA. A.

Абдуллина Алия Анвяровна — к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии.

Москва

Aliya А. Abdullina — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology.

Moscow

abdullina_aa@academpharm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-2823ВасильеваЕ. В.VasilevaE. V.

Васильева Екатерина Валерьевна — к. б. н., в. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии.

Москва

Ekaterina V. Vasileva — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology.Moscow

vasileva_ev@academpharm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-9677ЗайнуллинаЛ. Ф.ZainullinaL. F.

Зайнуллина Лиана Фанзилевна — к. б. н., в. н. с., заведующий лабораторией молекулярной фармакологии.

Москва

Liana F. Zainullina — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology.

Moscow

zainullina_lf@academpharm.ruФГБНУ «ФИЦ оригинальных и перспективных биомедицинских и фармацевтических технологий»РоссияFederal research center for innovator and emerging biomedical and pharmaceutical technologiesRussian Federation20263003202601711Copyright © Фирстова Ю.Ю., Абдуллина А.А., Васильева Е.В., Зайнуллина Л.Ф., 20262026Фирстова Ю.Ю., Абдуллина А.А., Васильева Е.В., Зайнуллина Л.Ф.Firstova J.Y., Abdullina A.A., Vasileva E.V., Zainullina L.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/498

Применение генетических моделей для изучения нейровоспаления (НВ) затрагивает вопросы в области фармакологии, нейробиологии, иммунологии и генной инженерии. Генетические модели необходимы для имитации конкретных молекулярных путей НВ, изучения причинно-следственных связей между функционированием генома, патологией и поведением, доклинической оценки терапевтических стратегий, направленных на специфические мишени. В настоящее время основные стратегии создания генетических моделей нацелены на воспроизведение ключевых патологий (модели с экспрессией мутантных форм генов предшественника амилоида (APP) и пресенилинов (PS) (APP/PS1, 5xFAD, 3xTg-AD, PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576); модели с экспрессией мутантных форм тау-белка (МАРТ-трансгенные мыши, rTg4510, PS19, P301S) и белка клеточного некроптоза MLKL( Tg-Mlkl-/-); модели, нацеленные на иммунные клетки ЦНС (CX3CR1-GFP/+, hM3Dq/hM4Di (DREADD), нокауты TREM2-ko) и конструирование трансгенных моделей животных с провоспалительным фенотипом (IL-1βXAT, гиперэкспрессия p25, нокауты фактора роста нервов (NGF)).

The use of genetic animal models plays a critical role in understanding the origin and biology of neuroinflammation and requires the involvement of pharmacology, neurobiology, immunology, and genetic engineering. Genetic models are crucial for mimicking particular molecular pathways of neuroinflammation and understanding the causal relationship between genotype, pathology, and behavior, that are impossible in postmortem or preclinical studies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.