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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phkinetica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакокинетика и Фармакодинамика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2587-7836-2025-4-59-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phkinetica-486</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к экспериментальному моделированию нейровоспаления при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях: часть 1 — in vivo модели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to experimental modeling of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: part 1 — in vivo models</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4395-3437</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фирстова</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Firstova</surname><given-names>Ju. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фирстова Юлия Юрьевна — к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia Yu. Firstova — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">firstova_yuyu@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-2823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasileva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Екатерина Валерьевна — к. б. н., в. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Vasileva — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasileva_ev@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7499-0885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдуллина Алия Анвяровна — к. б. н., с. н. с. лаборатории молекулярной фармакологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliya А. Abdullina — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdullina_aa@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-9677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнуллина</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainullina</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зайнуллина Лиана Фанзилевна — к. б. н., в. н. с., заведующий лабораторией молекулярной фармакологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liana F. Zainullina — PhD, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zainullina_lf@academpharm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «ФИЦ оригинальных и перспективных биомедицинских и фармацевтических технологий»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal research center for innovator and emerging biomedical and pharmaceutical technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фирстова Ю.Ю., Васильева Е.В., Абдуллина А.А., Зайнуллина Л.Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фирстова Ю.Ю., Васильева Е.В., Абдуллина А.А., Зайнуллина Л.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Firstova J.Y., Vasileva E.V., Abdullina A.A., Zainullina L.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/486">https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/486</self-uri><abstract><p>Учитывая растущую распространённость нейродегенеративных расстройств во всём мире, разработка новых методов для коррекции нейровоспаления (НВ) — процесса, лежащего в основе этих патологий, весьма актуальна и важна в современных биомедицинских исследованиях. Экспериментальные модели НВ являются важными инструментами в поиске лекарственных средств для терапии нейродегенеративных заболеваний, таких как болезнь Альцгеймера, болезнь Паркинсона, рассеянный склероз, эпилепсия, депрессия. Используемые в настоящее время модели делятся на in vitro (исследования на клеточных культурах) и in vivo, которые условно можно разделить по способу воздействия на организм: химические — воздействие нейротоксинов и эндогенных веществ, генетические — нокаутные и трансгенные животные, физические — травмы, стрессирование. Каждая из этих моделей направлена на один из многочисленных патогенетических путей НВ, но ни один из них не может отразить полную картину этого сложного процесса. Кроме этого, существует проблема недостаточного соответствия между доклиническими моделями и клиническими испытаниями, что может быть обусловлено некорректным выбором модели, её достоверностью, а также условиями эксперимента. Все это снижает эффективность поиска новых лекарственных средств для лечения нейродегенеративных расстройств, в основе которых лежат процессы НВ. В статье описываются основные существующие экспериментальные модели НВ для изучения нейродегенеративных заболеваний, а также приводится их сравнение с указанием особенностей, достоинств и недостатков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Given the increasing prevalence of the neurodegenerative diseases worldwide, the development of new methods for correction of neuroinﬂammation contributing to neurodegenerative diseases is a highly relevant and important issue in the ﬁeld of biomedical research. Neuroinﬂammation experimental models are essential tools for developing novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis sclerosis (ALS), epilepsy, and depression. Currently used models can generally be divided into in vitro and in vivo models or according to the method of action on the body – on chemical (exposure to neurotoxins and endogenous substances), genetic (transgenic and knockout animals), physical (injury, stress). Each of these experimental paradigms reproduce neuroinﬂammation in one aspect and not able to provide a complete picture of this complex process. Another problem is a lack of congruity between experimental model and clinical trials due to an unsuitable choice of the model, its unreliability or experiment conditions. This prevents the search of eﬀective solutions for neurodegenerative disease treatment. Therefore, the current review aims to summarize the diﬀerent experimental paradigms used to reproduce neuroinﬂammation and its main strengths and weaknesses, helping to choose the model that better suits each speciﬁc research aim.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>стрептозацин</kwd><kwd>окадаиковая кислота</kwd><kwd>колхицин</kwd><kwd>липополисахарид</kwd><kwd>полилизин</kwd><kwd>β-амилоид</kwd><kwd>акролеин</kwd><kwd>D-галактоза</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>streptozacin</kwd><kwd>okadaic acid</kwd><kwd>colchicine</kwd><kwd>lipopolysaccharide</kwd><kwd>polylysine</kwd><kwd>β-amyloid</kwd><kwd>acrolein</kwd><kwd>D-galactose</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's&#13;
disease</kwd><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России № FGFG-2025.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was conducted under the government contract of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project FGFG-2025).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayne K, White JA, McMurran CE, et al. Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease: Is the Adaptive Immune System a Friend or Foe? Front Aging Neurosci. 2020 Sep 23;12:572090. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayne K, White JA, McMurran CE, et al. Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease: Is the Adaptive Immune System a Friend or Foe? 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