<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phkinetica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакокинетика и Фармакодинамика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2587-7836-2020-4-3-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phkinetica-260</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакокинетические закономерности в проявлении действия психотропных лекарственных средств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacokinetic relationships in psychotropic drugs effects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-0047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колыванов</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolyvanov</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колыванов Геннадий Борисович – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакокинетики</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 2538-8639</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kolyvanov Gennadiy B. – D. Sci. in Biology, Leading researcher of the laboratory of pharmacokinetics</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN code: 2538-8639</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-3457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвин Александр Алексеевич – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакокинетики</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 6193-5770</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Litvin Alexander A. – D. Sci. in Biology, Leading researcher of the laboratory of pharmacokinetics</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN code: 6193-5770</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litbiopharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-7733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шевченко Роман Владимирович – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакокинетики</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 1844-6202</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shevchenko Roman V. – PhD in Medicine, Research Officer of laboratory pharmacokinetics</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN code: 1844-6202</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-4778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раскин</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raskin</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Раскин Сергей Юрьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакокинетики</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 5234-7871</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raskin Sergey Yu. – PhD in Medicine, Research Officer of laboratory pharmacokinetics</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN code: 5234-7871</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8555-5969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочков</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkov</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочков Павел Олегович кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фармакокинетики</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 5576-8174</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bochkov Pavel O. – PhD in Biology, Senior Research Officer of laboratory pharmacokinetics</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN code: 5576-8174</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-7134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жердев</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zherdev</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жердев Вдадимир Павлович доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией фармакокинетики</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN-код: 2213-9592</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zherdev Vladimir P. – D. Sci. in Medicine, Professor, Head of laboratory pharmacokinetics</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN-код: 2213-9592</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI «Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Колыванов Г.Б., Литвин А.А., Шевченко Р.В., Раскин С.Ю., Бочков П.О., Жердев В.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Колыванов Г.Б., Литвин А.А., Шевченко Р.В., Раскин С.Ю., Бочков П.О., Жердев В.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kolyvanov G.B., Litvin A.A., Shevchenko R.V., Raskin S.Y., Bochkov P.O., Zherdev V.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/260">https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/260</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре обсуждаются взаимосвязи между фармакокинетическими показателями и эффектами психотропных лекарственных средств как в доклинических исследованиях, так и в клинической практике. Выявление таких корреляций может служить основой для понимания сложной системы взаимоотношений фармакокинетических и фармакодинамических механизмов в проявлении действия этой группы препаратов и позволяет использовать данные фармакокинетических исследований для оптимизации терапевтических подходов в лечебной практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review discusses relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and effects of psychotropic drugs, both in preclinical studies and clinical practice. The identification of such correlations can serve as a basis for understanding the complex system of relationships between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms in the manifestation of the action of this group of drugs and allows us to use the data of pharmacokinetic studies to optimize therapeutic approaches in medical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психотропные препараты</kwd><kwd>фармакокинетика</kwd><kwd>фармакодинамика</kwd><kwd>корреляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychotropic drugs</kwd><kwd>pharmacokinetics</kwd><kwd>pharmacodynamics</kwd><kwd>correlation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabrielsson JL, Weiner DL. Methodology for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data analysis. Pharm Sci Technol Today. 1999 Jun;2(6): 244–252. DOI:10.1016/s1461-5347(99)00162-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabrielsson JL, Weiner DL. Methodology for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data analysis. Pharm Sci Technol Today. 1999 Jun;2(6): 244–252. DOI:10.1016/s1461-5347(99)00162-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jann MW, Penzak SR, Cohen LJ. Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Psychopharmacological Agents. New York: Springer; 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jann MW, Penzak SR, Cohen LJ. Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Psychopharmacological Agents. New York: Springer; 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rowland M, Tozer TN. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Concepts and Applications, 4th ed., New York: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William &amp; Wilkins; 2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rowland M, Tozer TN. Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Concepts and Applications, 4th ed., New York: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William &amp; Wilkins; 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жердев В.П., Бойко С.С., Константинопольский М.А. и др. Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика фармацевтических композиций дипептидного анксиолитика ГБ-115 // Химико-фармацевтический журнал. – 2016. – Т. 50. – № 5. – С. 42–46. OI:10.30906/0023-1134-2016-50-5-42-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zherdev VP, Boyko SS, Konstantinopolskiy MA et al. Preclinical study of dipeptide anxiolytic GB-115 pharmaceutical compositions: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Khimiko-farmacevticheskiy zhurnal. 2016;50(5):42–46. (In Russ). DOI:10.30906/0023-1134-2016-50-5-42-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фирсов А.А., Жердев В.П., Портной Ю.А. и др. Руководство по проведению доклинических исследований лекарственных средств / Под ред. А. Н. Миронова. Часть 1, – М.: «Гриф и К»; 2013. – С. 845–855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firsov AA, Zherdev VP, Portnoy YuA et al. Rukovodstvo po provedeniyu doklicheskikh issledovaniyi lekarstvennykh sredtsv. Part one. Ed. By Mironov AN. Moscow: Grif i K; 2013. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Середенин С.Б., Воронина Т.А., Незнамов Г.Г., Жердев В.П. Феназепам: 25 лет в медицинской практике. – М.: Наука; 2007. – 381 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seredenin SB, Voronina TA, Neznamov GG, Zhardev VP. Fenazepam: 25 let v medicinskoy praktike. Moscow: Nauka; 2007. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Briley M, Nutt DJ, editors. Anxiolytics. B.: Birkhäuser; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briley M, Nutt DJ, editors. Anxiolytics. B.: Birkhäuser; 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandema JW, Kuck MT, Danhof M. Differences in intrinsic efficacy of benzodiazepines are reflectedin their concentration-EEG effect relationship. Br J Pharmacol. 1992;105(1):164–170. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14229.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandema JW, Kuck MT, Danhof M. Differences in intrinsic efficacy of benzodiazepines are reflectedin their concentration-EEG effect relationship. Br J Pharmacol. 1992;105(1):164–170. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14229.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яркова М.А., Литвин А.А., Колыванов Г.Б. и др. Поиск взаимосвязи между анксиолитическим действием оригинального производного пирроло[1,2-a]пиразина, лиганда TSPO – ГМЛ-1 и его концентрациями в плазме крови крыс // Фармакокинетика и фармакодинамика. – 2018. – № 2. – С. 52–58. DOI: 10.24411/2587-7836-2018-10014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarkova MA, Litvin AA et al. Search of the correlation between anxiolytic effect of original derivative of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine TSPO-ligand (GML-1) and its concentrations in the rat blood plasma. Farmakokinetika i farmakodinamika. 2018;(2):52–58. (In Russ). DOI: 10.24411/2587-7836-2018-10014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialer M, Twyman RE, White HS. Correlation analysis between anticonvulsant ED50 values of antiepileptic drugs in mice and rats and their therapeutic doses and plasma levels. Epilepsy &amp; Behavior. 2004;5(6):866–872. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.08.021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bialer M, Twyman RE, White HS. Correlation analysis between anticonvulsant ED50 values of antiepileptic drugs in mice and rats and their therapeutic doses and plasma levels. Epilepsy &amp; Behavior. 2004;5(6):866–872. DOI:10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.08.021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vuu I, Coles LD, Maglalang P et al. Intravenous Topiramate: Pharmacokinetics in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Epilepsy. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2016;3(107):1–8. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vuu I, Coles LD, Maglalang P et al. Intravenous Topiramate: Pharmacokinetics in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Epilepsy. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2016;3(107):1–8. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergemann N, Kopitz J, Kress KR, Frick A. Plasma amisulpride levels in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;14(3):245-50. DOI:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.09.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergemann N, Kopitz J, Kress KR, Frick A. Plasma amisulpride levels in schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004;14(3):245-50. DOI:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2003.09.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller MJ, Eich F, Regenbogen B et al. Amisulpride doses and plasma levels in different age groups of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2009;23(3):278–286. DOI: 10.1177/0269881108089806.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller MJ, Eich F, Regenbogen B et al. Amisulpride doses and plasma levels in different age groups of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2009;23(3):278–286. DOI: 10.1177/0269881108089806.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller MJ, Regenbogen B, Sachse J et al. Gender aspects in the clinical treatment of schizophrenic inpatients with amisulpride: a therapeutic drug monitoring study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2006;39(2):41–46. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-931540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller MJ, Regenbogen B, Sachse J et al. Gender aspects in the clinical treatment of schizophrenic inpatients with amisulpride: a therapeutic drug monitoring study. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2006;39(2):41–46. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-931540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller MJ, Regenbogen B, Härtter S et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring for optimizing amisulpride therapy in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2007;41(8):673–679. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.10.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller MJ, Regenbogen B, Härtter S et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring for optimizing amisulpride therapy in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res. 2007;41(8):673–679. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.10.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haring C, Fleischhacker WW, Schett P et al. Influence of patientrelated variables on clozapine plasma levels. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(11):1471–1475. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.147.11.1471.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haring C, Fleischhacker WW, Schett P et al. Influence of patientrelated variables on clozapine plasma levels. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(11):1471–1475. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.147.11.1471.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haring C, Meise U, Humpel C et al. Dose-related plasma levels of clozapine: influence of smoking behaviour, sex and age. Psychopharmacology. 1989;99 Suppl:S38-40. DOI: 10.1007/BF00442557.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haring C, Meise U, Humpel C et al. Dose-related plasma levels of clozapine: influence of smoking behaviour, sex and age. Psychopharmacology. 1989;99 Suppl:S38-40. DOI: 10.1007/BF00442557.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ng CH, Chong SA, Lambert T et al. An inter-ethnic comparison study of clozapine dosage, clinical response and plasma levels. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;20(3):163–168. DOI: 10.1097/00004850-200505000-00007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ng CH, Chong SA, Lambert T et al. An inter-ethnic comparison study of clozapine dosage, clinical response and plasma levels. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;20(3):163–168. DOI: 10.1097/00004850-200505000-00007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiang YQ, Zhang ZJ, Weng YZ et al. Serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine in the prediction of relapse of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2006;83(2-3):201–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiang YQ, Zhang ZJ, Weng YZ et al. Serum concentrations of clozapine and norclozapine in the prediction of relapse of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2006;83(2-3):201–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.01.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khan AY, Preskorn SH. Examining concentration-dependent toxicity of clozapine: role of therapeutic drug monitoring. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(5):289-–301. DOI: 10.1097/00131746-200509000-00003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan AY, Preskorn SH. Examining concentration-dependent toxicity of clozapine: role of therapeutic drug monitoring. J Psychiatr Pract. 2005;11(5):289-–301. DOI: 10.1097/00131746-200509000-00003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenwood-Smith C, Lubman DI, Castle DJ. Serum clozapine levels: a review of their clinical utility. J Psychopharmacol. 2003;17(2):234–238. DOI: 10.1177/0269881103017002014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenwood-Smith C, Lubman DI, Castle DJ. Serum clozapine levels: a review of their clinical utility. J Psychopharmacol. 2003;17(2):234–238. DOI: 10.1177/0269881103017002014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yusufi B, Mukherjee S, Flanagan R et al. Prevalence and nature of side effects during clozapine maintenance treatment and the relationship with clozapine dose and plasma concentration. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;22(4):238–243. DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32819f8f17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yusufi B, Mukherjee S, Flanagan R et al. Prevalence and nature of side effects during clozapine maintenance treatment and the relationship with clozapine dose and plasma concentration. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;22(4):238–243. DOI: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32819f8f17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aravagiri M, Ames D, Wirshing WC, Marder SR. Plasma level monitoring of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia: determination by highperformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Ther Drug Monit. 1997;19(3):307-313. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199706000-00011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aravagiri M, Ames D, Wirshing WC, Marder SR. Plasma level monitoring of olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia: determination by highperformance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Ther Drug Monit. 1997;19(3):307-313. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199706000-00011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perry PJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2001;35(3):19-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perry PJ. Therapeutic drug monitoring of antipsychotics. Psychopharmacol Bull. 2001;35(3):19-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bergemann N, Frick A, Parzer P, Kopitz J. Olanzapine plasma concentration, average daily dose, and interaction with co-medication in schizophrenic patients. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004;37(2): 63–68. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-815527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bergemann N, Frick A, Parzer P, Kopitz J. Olanzapine plasma concentration, average daily dose, and interaction with co-medication in schizophrenic patients. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2004;37(2): 63–68. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-815527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gex-Fabry M, Balant-Gorgia AE, Balant LP. Therapeutic drug monitoring of olanzapine: the combined effect of age, gender, smoking, and comedication. Ther Drug Monit. 2003;25(1):46–53. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200302000-00007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gex-Fabry M, Balant-Gorgia AE, Balant LP. Therapeutic drug monitoring of olanzapine: the combined effect of age, gender, smoking, and comedication. Ther Drug Monit. 2003;25(1):46–53. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200302000-00007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauri MC, Steinhilber CP, Marino R et al. Clinical outcome and olanzapine plasma levels in acute schizophrenia. European Psychiatry. 2005;20(1):55–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauri MC, Steinhilber CP, Marino R et al. Clinical outcome and olanzapine plasma levels in acute schizophrenia. European Psychiatry. 2005;20(1):55–60. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao ML, Hiemke C, Grasmäder K, Baumann P. Olanzapine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2001;69(12):580–582. DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-19184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao ML, Hiemke C, Grasmäder K, Baumann P. Olanzapine: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr. 2001;69(12):580–582. DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-19184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robertson MD, McMullin MM. Olanzapine concentrations in clinical serum and postmortem blood specimens — when does therapeutic become toxic? J Forensic Sci. 2000;45(2):418–421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robertson MD, McMullin MM. Olanzapine concentrations in clinical serum and postmortem blood specimens — when does therapeutic become toxic? J Forensic Sci. 2000;45(2):418–421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dragicevic A, Müller MJ, Sachse J, Härtter S, Hiemke C. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of quetiapine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003;36(5):58. DOI:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dragicevic A, Müller MJ, Sachse J, Härtter S, Hiemke C. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of quetiapine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003;36(5):58. DOI:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasselstrom J, Linnet K. Quetiapine serum concentrations in psychiatric patients: the influence of comedication. Ther Drug Monit. 2004;26(5): 486–491. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200410000-00005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasselstrom J, Linnet K. Quetiapine serum concentrations in psychiatric patients: the influence of comedication. Ther Drug Monit. 2004;26(5): 486–491. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200410000-00005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aichhorn W, Marksteiner J, Walch T et al. Influence of age, gender, body weight and valproate comedication on quetiapine plasma concentrations. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;21(2):81–85. DOI: 10.1097/01.yic.0000188213.46667.f1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aichhorn W, Marksteiner J, Walch T et al. Influence of age, gender, body weight and valproate comedication on quetiapine plasma concentrations. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;21(2):81–85. DOI: 10.1097/01.yic.0000188213.46667.f1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauri MC, Volonteri LS, Fiorentini A et al. Two weeks' quetiapine treatment for schizophrenia, drug-induced psychosis and borderline personality disorder: a naturalistic study with drug plasma levels. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8(14):2207–2213. DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.14.2207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauri MC, Volonteri LS, Fiorentini A et al. Two weeks' quetiapine treatment for schizophrenia, drug-induced psychosis and borderline personality disorder: a naturalistic study with drug plasma levels. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8(14):2207–2213. DOI: 10.1517/14656566.8.14.2207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hiemke C, Dragicevic A, Gründer G et al. Therapeutic monitoring of new antipsychotic drug. Ther Drug Monit. 2004;26(2):156-160. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hiemke C, Dragicevic A, Gründer G et al. Therapeutic monitoring of new antipsychotic drug. Ther Drug Monit. 2004;26(2):156-160. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dragicevic A, Trotzauer D, Hiemke C, Müller MJ. Gender and age effects on quetiapine serum concentrations in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005;38(5):44. DOI:10.1055/s-2003-38084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dragicevic A, Trotzauer D, Hiemke C, Müller MJ. Gender and age effects on quetiapine serum concentrations in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005;38(5):44. DOI:10.1055/s-2003-38084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sparshatt A, Jones S, Taylor D. Quetiapine: dose-response relationship in schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2008;22(1):49–68. DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200822010-00004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sparshatt A, Jones S, Taylor D. Quetiapine: dose-response relationship in schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2008;22(1):49–68. DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200822010-00004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olesen OV, Licht RW, Thomsen E et al. Serum concentrations and side effects in psychiatric patients during risperidone therapy. Ther Drug Monit. 1998;20(4):380-384. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199808000-00004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olesen OV, Licht RW, Thomsen E et al. Serum concentrations and side effects in psychiatric patients during risperidone therapy. Ther Drug Monit. 1998;20(4):380-384. DOI: 10.1097/00007691-199808000-00004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remington G, Mamo D, Labelle A et al. A PET study evaluating dopamine D2 receptor occupancy for long-acting injectable risperidone. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(3):396-401. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remington G, Mamo D, Labelle A et al. A PET study evaluating dopamine D2 receptor occupancy for long-acting injectable risperidone. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(3):396-401. DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lane HY, Chiu WC, Chou JC et al. Risperidone in acutely exacerbated schizophrenia: dosing strategies and plasma levels. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(3):209-14. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v61n0311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lane HY, Chiu WC, Chou JC et al. Risperidone in acutely exacerbated schizophrenia: dosing strategies and plasma levels. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(3):209-14. DOI: 10.4088/jcp.v61n0311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyberg S, Farde L, Halldin C et al. D2 dopamine receptor occupancy during low-dose treatment with haloperidol decanoate. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(2):173–178. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.2.173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyberg S, Farde L, Halldin C et al. D2 dopamine receptor occupancy during low-dose treatment with haloperidol decanoate. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(2):173–178. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.2.173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor D. Risperidone long-acting injection in practice – more questions than answers? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2006;114(1):1–2. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00810.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor D. Risperidone long-acting injection in practice – more questions than answers? Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2006;114(1):1–2. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00810.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gefvert O, Eriksson B, Persson P et al. Pharmacokinetics and D2 receptor occupancy of long-acting injectable risperidone (Risperdal Consta TM) in patients with schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;8(1): 27–36. DOI: 10.1017/S1461145704004924.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gefvert O, Eriksson B, Persson P et al. Pharmacokinetics and D2 receptor occupancy of long-acting injectable risperidone (Risperdal Consta TM) in patients with schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;8(1): 27–36. DOI: 10.1017/S1461145704004924.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medori R, Mannaert E, Gründer G. Plasma antipsychotic concentration and receptor occupancy, with special focus on risperidone long-acting injectable. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006;16(4):233–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.10.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medori R, Mannaert E, Gründer G. Plasma antipsychotic concentration and receptor occupancy, with special focus on risperidone long-acting injectable. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006;16(4):233–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.10.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joris C. Verster, Roth T. Blood drug concentrations of benzodiazepines correlate poorly with actual driving impairment. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2013;17(2):153–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.05.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joris C. Verster, Roth T. Blood drug concentrations of benzodiazepines correlate poorly with actual driving impairment. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2013;17(2):153–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2012.05.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meibohm B, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in drug product development. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91(1):18–31. DOI: 10.1002/jps.1167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meibohm B, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in drug product development. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91(1):18–31. DOI: 10.1002/jps.1167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
