<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">phkinetica</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фармакокинетика и Фармакодинамика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2587-7836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2686-8830</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">phkinetica-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЙ ОБЗОР</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поведенческие экспериментальные модели депрессии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Animal models of depression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарибова</surname><given-names>Таисия Леоновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garibova</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">T_Garibova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крайнева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kraineva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ фармакологии имени В.В. Закусова»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гарибова Т.Л., Крайнева В.А., Воронина Т.А., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гарибова Т.Л., Крайнева В.А., Воронина Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garibova T.L., Kraineva V.A., Voronina T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/21">https://www.pharmacokinetica.ru/jour/article/view/21</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре приведены и детально описаны основные наиболее используемые поведенческие экспериментальные модели депрессии. Описаны эндофенотипы и критерии валидности поведенческих методов для оценки антидепрессивной активности у соединений. Моделирование депрессии с использованием лабораторных животных позволяет понять природу депрессии у человека и осуществлять поиск эффективных способов её лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review provides and describes in detail the main most commonly used behavioral experimental models of depression. Endophenotypes and criteria of validity of behavioral methods for evaluation of antidepressant activity in compounds are described. Modeling depression using laboratory animals allows us to understand the nature of depression in humans and to search for effective ways of treating.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>модели депрессивноподобного поведения животных</kwd><kwd>критерии оценки</kwd><kwd>Animal models of depression</kwd><kwd>endophenotypes and criteria of validity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S-M., Han C., Lee S-J., et al. Second Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: An Update. Chonnam Med J. 2016; 52 (3): 159-172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S-M., Han C., Lee S-J., et al. Second Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: An Update. Chonnam Med J. 2016; 52 (3): 159-172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessler R.C. et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62 (6): 593-602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kessler R.C. et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62 (6): 593-602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasler G. et al. Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004; 29: 1765-1781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasler G. et al. Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004; 29: 1765-1781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogel H.G. Drug discovery and evaluation: pharmacological assays. Springer. Berlin. 3rd Edition; 2008; 1800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogel H.G. Drug discovery and evaluation: pharmacological assays. Springer. Berlin. 3rd Edition; 2008; 1800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Willner P., Mitchell P.J. The validity of animal models of predisposition to depression. Behav. Pharmacol. 2002; 13: 169-188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Willner P., Mitchell P.J. The validity of animal models of predisposition to depression. Behav. Pharmacol. 2002; 13: 169-188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anisman H., Matheson K. Stress, depression, and anhedonia: caveats concerning animal models. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005; 29: 525-546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anisman H., Matheson K. Stress, depression, and anhedonia: caveats concerning animal models. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005; 29: 525-546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vollmayr B., Mahlstedt M.M., Henn F.A. Neurogenesis and depression: what animal models tell us about the link. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry. Clin. Neurosci. 2007; 257: 300-303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vollmayr B., Mahlstedt M.M., Henn F.A. Neurogenesis and depression: what animal models tell us about the link. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry. Clin. Neurosci. 2007; 257: 300-303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яузина H.A., Комлева Ю.К., Салмина А.Б., Петрова М.М., Морозова Г.А., Малиновская H.A., Герцог Г.Е. Современные экспериментальные модели депрессии. Биомедицина. 2013; 1: 61-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яузина H.A., Комлева Ю.К., Салмина А.Б., Петрова М.М., Морозова Г.А., Малиновская H.A., Герцог Г.Е. Современные экспериментальные модели депрессии. Биомедицина. 2013; 1: 61-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьян Г.А., Гуляева Н.В. Моделирование депрессии на животных: поведение как основа методологии, критериев оценки и классификации. Журнал ВНД. 2015; 65 (6): 643-660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Григорьян Г.А., Гуляева Н.В. Моделирование депрессии на животных: поведение как основа методологии, критериев оценки и классификации. Журнал ВНД. 2015; 65 (6): 643-660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kato T., Kasahara T., Kubota-Sakashita M., Kato T.M., Nakajima K. Animal models of recurrent or bipolar depression. Neuroscience. 2016; 321: 189-196.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kato T., Kasahara T., Kubota-Sakashita M., Kato T.M., Nakajima K. Animal models of recurrent or bipolar depression. Neuroscience. 2016; 321: 189-196.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nestler E.J., Hyman S.E. Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2010; 13(10): 1161-1169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nestler E.J., Hyman S.E. Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci. 2010; 13(10): 1161-1169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petit-Demouliere B., Chenu F., Bourin M. Forced swimming test: a review of antidepressant activity. Psychopharmacology. 2005; 177: 245-255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petit-Demouliere B., Chenu F., Bourin M. Forced swimming test: a review of antidepressant activity. Psychopharmacology. 2005; 177: 245-255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porsolt R.D., Pichon M.Le, Jalfre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature. 1977; 266: 730-732.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porsolt R.D., Pichon M.Le, Jalfre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature. 1977; 266: 730-732.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porsolt R.D., Bertin A., Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch. Int. Pharmocodyn. Ther. 1977; 229: 327-336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porsolt R.D., Bertin A., Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch. Int. Pharmocodyn. Ther. 1977; 229: 327-336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porsolt R.D., Anton G., Blavet N., Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1978; 47: 379-391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porsolt R.D., Anton G., Blavet N., Jalfre M. Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1978; 47: 379-391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borsini F., Meli A. Is the forced swimming test a suitable model for revealing antidepressant activity? Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 1988; 94: 147-160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borsini F., Meli A. Is the forced swimming test a suitable model for revealing antidepressant activity? Psychopharmacology (Berl.). 1988; 94: 147-160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cryan J.F., Mombereau C., Vassout A. The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity: review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005; 29: 571-625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cryan J.F., Mombereau C., Vassout A. The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity: review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005; 29: 571-625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steru L., Chermat R., Thierry B., Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressant drugs. Psychopharmacology. 1985; 85: 367-370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steru L., Chermat R., Thierry B., Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressant drugs. Psychopharmacology. 1985; 85: 367-370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurre Nielsen C., Arnt J., Sânchez C. Intracranial self-stimulation and sucrose intake differ as hedonic measures following chronic mild stress: interstrain and interindividual differences. Behavioural. Brain Research. 2000; 107 (1-2): 21-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurre Nielsen C., Arnt J., Sânchez C. Intracranial self-stimulation and sucrose intake differ as hedonic measures following chronic mild stress: interstrain and interindividual differences. Behavioural. Brain Research. 2000; 107 (1-2): 21-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maier S.F., Seligman M.E.P. Learned helplessness - theory and evidence. J Exp Psychol-General. 1976; 105: 3-46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maier S.F., Seligman M.E.P. Learned helplessness - theory and evidence. J Exp Psychol-General. 1976; 105: 3-46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durgam R.C. Rodent models of depression: learned helplessness using a triadic design in rats. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 2001; Chapter 8: Unit 8 10B.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durgam R.C. Rodent models of depression: learned helplessness using a triadic design in rats. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 2001; Chapter 8: Unit 8 10B.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chourbaji S., Zacher C., Sanchis-Segura C., Dormann C., Vollmayr B., Gass P. Learned helplessness: validity and reliability of depressive- like states in mice. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 2005; 16: 70-78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chourbaji S., Zacher C., Sanchis-Segura C., Dormann C., Vollmayr B., Gass P. Learned helplessness: validity and reliability of depressive- like states in mice. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 2005; 16: 70-78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vollmayr B., Henn F.A. Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and reliability. Brain Res. Brain Res Protoc. 2001; 8 (1): 1-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vollmayr B., Henn F.A. Learned helplessness in the rat: improvements in validity and reliability. Brain Res. Brain Res Protoc. 2001; 8 (1): 1-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Willner P. Chronic mild stress (CMS) revisited: consistency andbehavioral-neurobiological concordance in the effects of CMS. Neuropsychobiology. 2005; 52: 90-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Willner P. Chronic mild stress (CMS) revisited: consistency andbehavioral-neurobiological concordance in the effects of CMS. Neuropsychobiology. 2005; 52: 90-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Willner P., Muscat R., Papp M. Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: a realistic animal model of depression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1992; 16: 525-534.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Willner P., Muscat R., Papp M. Chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia: a realistic animal model of depression. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1992; 16: 525-534.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monleon S., D’Aquila P., Parra A., Simon V.M., Brain P.F., Willner P. Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995; 117: 453-457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monleon S., D’Aquila P., Parra A., Simon V.M., Brain P.F., Willner P. Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995; 117: 453-457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stemmelin J., Cohen C., Yalcin I., Keane P., Griebel G. Implication of [beta]3-adrenoceptors in the antidepressant-like effects of amibegron using Adrb3 knockout mice in the chronic mild stress. Behav. Brain Res. 2010; 206: 310-312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stemmelin J., Cohen C., Yalcin I., Keane P., Griebel G. Implication of [beta]3-adrenoceptors in the antidepressant-like effects of amibegron using Adrb3 knockout mice in the chronic mild stress. Behav. Brain Res. 2010; 206: 310-312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanchard R.J., McKittrick C.R., Blanchard D.C. Animal models of social stress: effects on behavior and brain neurochemical systems. Physiol. Behav. 2001; 73 (3): 261-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanchard R.J., McKittrick C.R., Blanchard D.C. Animal models of social stress: effects on behavior and brain neurochemical systems. Physiol. Behav. 2001; 73 (3): 261-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan V., Han M.H., Graham D.L., Berton O., Renthal W., Russo S.J. et al. Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions. Cell. 2007; 131: 391-404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan V., Han M.H., Graham D.L., Berton O., Renthal W., Russo S.J. et al. Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions. Cell. 2007; 131: 391-404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cryan J.F., Slattery D.A. Animal models of mood disorders: Recent developments. Curr. Opin Psychiatry. 2007; 20: 1-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cryan J.F., Slattery D.A. Animal models of mood disorders: Recent developments. Curr. Opin Psychiatry. 2007; 20: 1-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudryavtseva N.N., Bakshtanovskaya I.V., Koryakina L.A. Social model of depression in mice of C57BL/6J strain. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1991; 38: 315-320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudryavtseva N.N., Bakshtanovskaya I.V., Koryakina L.A. Social model of depression in mice of C57BL/6J strain. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1991; 38: 315-320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McEwen B.S. Early life influences on life-long patterns of behavior and health. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 2003; 9: 149-154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McEwen B.S. Early life influences on life-long patterns of behavior and health. Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. 2003; 9: 149-154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meaney M.J. Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001; 24: 1161-1192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meaney M.J. Maternal care, gene expression, and the transmission of individual differences in stress reactivity across generations. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001; 24: 1161-1192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duman C.H. Models of Depression II Vitamins and Hormones. 2010; 82 (10): 1-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duman C.H. Models of Depression II Vitamins and Hormones. 2010; 82 (10): 1-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotsky P.M., Meaney M.J. Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993; 18: 195-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotsky P.M., Meaney M.J. Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1993; 18: 195-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Neil M.F., Moore N.A. Animal models of depression: are there any? Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2003; 18: 239-254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Neil M.F., Moore N.A. Animal models of depression: are there any? Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2003; 18: 239-254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dulawa S.C., Hen R. Recent advances in animal models of chronic antidepressant effects: the novelty-induced hypophagia test. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005; 29: 771-783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dulawa S.C., Hen R. Recent advances in animal models of chronic antidepressant effects: the novelty-induced hypophagia test. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005; 29: 771-783.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drugan R.C., Basile A.S., Ha J.H., Healy D., Ferland R.J. Analysis of the importance of controllable versus uncontrollable stress on subsequent behavioral and physiological functioning. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 1997; 2: 69-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drugan R.C., Basile A.S., Ha J.H., Healy D., Ferland R.J. Analysis of the importance of controllable versus uncontrollable stress on subsequent behavioral and physiological functioning. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 1997; 2: 69-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pellow S., Chopin P., File S.E., Briley M. Validation of open: closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Meth. 1985; 14: 149-167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pellow S., Chopin P., File S.E., Briley M. Validation of open: closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Meth. 1985; 14: 149-167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cairncross K.D., Wren A., Cox B., Schnieden H. Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and domicile on stress-induced corticosterone release in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 1977; 19: 485-487.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cairncross K.D., Wren A., Cox B., Schnieden H. Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and domicile on stress-induced corticosterone release in the rat. Physiol. Behav. 1977; 19: 485-487.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schramm N.L., McDonald M.P., Limbird L.E. The alpha(2a)-adrenergic receptor plays a protective role in mouse behavioral models of depression and anxiety. J. Neurosci. 2001; 21: 4875-4882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schramm N.L., McDonald M.P., Limbird L.E. The alpha(2a)-adrenergic receptor plays a protective role in mouse behavioral models of depression and anxiety. J. Neurosci. 2001; 21: 4875-4882.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honma K., Honma S., Hiroshige T. Disorganization of the rat activity rhythm by chronic treatment with methamphetamine. Physiol Behav. 1986; 38: 687-695.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honma K., Honma S., Hiroshige T. Disorganization of the rat activity rhythm by chronic treatment with methamphetamine. Physiol Behav. 1986; 38: 687-695.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ridder S., Chourbaji S., Hellweg R., Urani A., Zacher C., Schmid W. et al. Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions. J. Neurosci. 2005; 25: 6243-6250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ridder S., Chourbaji S., Hellweg R., Urani A., Zacher C., Schmid W. et al. Mice with genetically altered glucocorticoid receptor expression show altered sensitivity for stress-induced depressive reactions. J. Neurosci. 2005; 25: 6243-6250.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pajer K., Andrus B.M., Gardner W., Lourie A., Strange B., Carnpo J., Bridge J., Blizinsky K., Dennis K., Vedell P., Churchil G.A., Redei E.M. Discovery of blood transcriptomic markers for depression in animal models and pilot validation in subjects with early-onset major depression II Transl. Psychiatry. 2012; 2: 2-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pajer K., Andrus B.M., Gardner W., Lourie A., Strange B., Carnpo J., Bridge J., Blizinsky K., Dennis K., Vedell P., Churchil G.A., Redei E.M. Discovery of blood transcriptomic markers for depression in animal models and pilot validation in subjects with early-onset major depression II Transl. Psychiatry. 2012; 2: 2-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Overstreet D.H. Selective breeding for increased cholinergic function: development of a new animal model of depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1986; 21: 49-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Overstreet D.H. Selective breeding for increased cholinergic function: development of a new animal model of depression. Biol Psychiatry. 1986; 21: 49-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roybal K., Theobold D., Graham A. et al. Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007; 104(15): 6406-6411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roybal K., Theobold D., Graham A. et al. Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007; 104(15): 6406-6411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamasaki N., Maekawa M., Kobayashi K. et al. Alpha-CaMKII deficiency causes immature dentate gyrus, a novel candidate endophenotype of psychiatric disorders.Mol Brain. 2008; 1: 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamasaki N., Maekawa M., Kobayashi K. et al. Alpha-CaMKII deficiency causes immature dentate gyrus, a novel candidate endophenotype of psychiatric disorders.Mol Brain. 2008; 1: 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canavello P.R., Egan R.J., Bergner C.L., Hart P.C., Cachat J.M., Kalueff A.V. Genetic animal models of depression II. Neuromethods. 2009; 44 (24): 191-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canavello P.R., Egan R.J., Bergner C.L., Hart P.C., Cachat J.M., Kalueff A.V. Genetic animal models of depression II. Neuromethods. 2009; 44 (24): 191-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bucan M., Abel T. The mouse: genetics meets behavior. Nat.Rev. Genet. 2002; 3: 114-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bucan M., Abel T. The mouse: genetics meets behavior. Nat.Rev. Genet. 2002; 3: 114-123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krishnan V., Nestler E.J. Animal models of depression: molecular perspectives. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci. 2011; 7: 121 - 147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krishnan V., Nestler E.J. Animal models of depression: molecular perspectives. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci. 2011; 7: 121 - 147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kato T., Kubota M., Kasahara T. Animal models of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007; 31: 832-842.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kato T., Kubota M., Kasahara T. Animal models of bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007; 31: 832-842.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kasahara T., Kubota M., Miyauchi T., Noda Y., Mouri A., Nabeshima T., Kato T. Mice with neuron-specific accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations show mood disorder-like phenotypes. Mol. Psychiatry. 2006; 11: 577-593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasahara T., Kubota M., Miyauchi T., Noda Y., Mouri A., Nabeshima T., Kato T. Mice with neuron-specific accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations show mood disorder-like phenotypes. Mol. Psychiatry. 2006; 11: 577-593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
